Individuals need to be mature enough to disperse and recent observations demonstrate that nonlocal diffusion processes are more applicable to many biological and epidemiological problems compared with random diffusion processes. Consequently, it is more reasonable to study age-structured population models with nonlocal (convolution) diffusion. In this talk, I will introduce some recent results on the basic theory for age-structured population dynamics with nonlocal diffusion (Based on joint studies with Hao Kang).