Rapid advances in molecular and microscopy techniques are revealing a rich array of novel, complex behaviours associated with biofilm formation. For example new data of the authors reveals that the leading edge of a class of biofilms advances as a result of an extraordinary complex process that defies simple mechanical analogue. Behind this leading edge the biofilm matures differentially in response to environmental conditions. We propose that in order to keep pace with these rapid advances in experimental methods demands the application of new theoretical tools. We discuss some standard theoretical approaches used by the authors, highlighting their limitation by presenting images and movies that have changed our perception. We invite a discussion of novel perspectives on modelling biofilm formation that may yield a deeper and more useful understanding. As a starting point, we propose that one such approach may result from a holistic view that treats these complex cell-matrix composites as dynamically active materials.