Pollination biology involves both plant and animal worlds in complex mutualisms. For flowering plants (Angiosperms) the transfer of pollen from anthers to stigmas is one of the first processes in plant sexual reproduction. What are the models for pollen transfer? For pollination by the wind, pollen dispersal has been modelled in various and increasingly complex ways. Measurement of pollen dispersal on the wind fit none of the models. Empirically derived patterns are few in number and probably driven by so many environmental vagaries that generalization is, at present, not possible. For pollination on animal vectors, pollen dispersal relies on the way in which pollen loads are accumulated, how they are off-loaded effectively or lost (pollen discounting), and the patterns (including foraging ranges) of movement by the animal vectors. Those factors also apply to pollinator and plant disease epidemiology. The patterns of pollinator movement vary according to resource requirements (nutrition etc.), energetics, weather, and competitive interactions amongst pollinators and between plants for pollinator services. Empirically derived findings provide insights into what needs to be measured, and how, so that models can be generated. The connectance patterns of the diversity of flower visitors (pollinators) and the diversity of the plant species in flower at given times and places are largely descriptive bipartite matrices, but they are becoming increasingly sophisticated as the characteristics of the flower visitors and the flowers are included to make the models more explanatory. The next steps in the analysis of connectance patterns are moving towards predictive models that include pollen dispersal, pollinator foraging, and ecosystem function.