Monetary Policy and Gender and Race Inequality: A survey of the empirical literature
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a survey of the literature that evaluates, in an empirical way, the distributional impacts of monetary policy over different gender and racial groups. The majority of surveyed papers find that monetary policy is not gender and racial neutral, even though the central banks claim the opposite. In general, the papers provide evidence that contractionary monetary policy worsen the income and wealth distribution to non-white groups. In the gender discussion, the majority of surveyed papers find that contractionary monetary policy worsen income and wealth distribution to women, especially black women, but we found papers with mixed results for white women in industrialized countries. To expansionary policies, we found mixed results in the surveyed papers, but white men tend to benefit more.