Optimal optical metrology with few-photon states
It was once thought that if a probe quantum state exhibits high sensitivity to a particular transformation, this must come with the cost of decreased sensitivity to other transformations generated by non-commuting observables. However, particular classes of states exist that disprove this misconception, for example the “compass state” and, more recently, generation of the “tetrahedron state” was carried out in our group. The tetrahedron state is created in the symmetric subspace of four optical photons’ polarisation, and exhibits maximal sensitivity to arbitrary SU(2) rotations. In this presentation, I will talk about two quantum parameter estimation experiments, starting with the experimental generation of the tetrahedron state, the optimal four-photon state for estimating rotations. I will then discuss the experimental generation of the optimal two-photon state for simultaneous estimation of the parameters describing a rotation.