Trading Across Fragmented Markets
In many jurisdictions, equity market regulation requires traders to honour the best quotes on all marketplaces, often forcing brokers to split large client trades among multiple markets. We document that multi-market trades have almost double the price impact of single-market trades, even for orders that originate from retail traders and after controlling for order size. Markets reacts strongly to multi-market trades: 90% of such trades are followed by order cancellations at sub-human speeds, and 45% are followed by aggressive orders in the same direction as the trade, leading to clusters of activity that together account for 67% of dollar volume. Most of these follow-on trades are submitted by a small number of fast traders. Using a market organization change that exogenously curtailed the fast traders’ ability to react, we show that their actions increase the price impact.