The past, present and future of longevity insurance
Millennia ago pension annuities were paid with bread and wine. A century from now they might be in Bitcoin or some other form of currency. In these presentation, I discuss the assorted ways in which members of society have insured themselves against the high, and unanticipated, cost of living longer than expected, paying special attention to tontines. Tontines were schemes in which a group of investors lent money to a government, corporation, or king, similar to a modern-day loan syndicate. But unlike conventional debt, periodic interest payments were distributed only to survivors. As tontine nominees died, the income of survivors correspondingly increased. Morbid, perhaps, but this was one of the earliest forms of longevity insurance in which the pool shared the risk. I make a provocative argument that suitably modified tontines should be resurrected for twenty-first-century retirement income planning.